Livre - Our Wild Indians

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ON STEEL AND WOOD 1. PORTRAIT OF THE AUTHOR ENGRAVINGS ON STEEL, Frontispiece From a photograph taken expressly for this work, by Brady, Washington, D. C., and Engraved on Steel by J. J. Cade, New York ENGRAVINGS ON WOOD 1. PEACE OR WAR? – AN INDIAN COUNCIL-SPOTTED TAIL’S SPEECH, Artist : Ernest Griset, Engraver : Pannemaker, to face p. 70 2. SPOTTED TAIL ASSASSINATING BIG MOUTH, A RIVAL CHIEF, Artist : James E. Taylor, Engraver : John Karst, to face p. 86 3. HÔCH-É-A-YUM – THE GREAT MEDICINE DANCE, Artist : James E. Taylor, Engraver : Charles Speigle, to face p. 138 4. INDIAN SELF – TORTURE ENDURANCE AND DEFIANCE OF PAIN, Artist : James E. Taylor, Engraver : John Karst, to face p. 150 5. THE LAST RESTING-PLACE OF THE INDIANS – A CEMETERY AMONG THE TREES ON MEDICINE LODGE CREEK, INDIAN TERRITORY, Artist : Ernest Griset, A. Bellinger, to face p. 164 6. OUR STEALTHY FOES – THE ATTACK ON THE WAGON TRAIN, Artist : Erntst Griset, Engraver : A. Bellinger, to face p. 182 7. FATE OF LIEUT. KIDDER AND HIS ENTIRE COMMAND – DISCOVERY OF THEIR BODIES, Artist : James E. Taylor, Engraver : John Karst, to face p. 220 8. GEN. OUSTER’S SURPRISE OF AN INDIAN CAMP OF OVER TWO THOUSAND WARRIORS, Artist : James E. Taylor, Engraver : John Karst, to face p. 242 9. A SUCCESSFUL WAR PARTY CELEBRATING VICTORY – THE SCALP DANCE Artist : Ernest Griset, Engraver : Pannemaker to face p. 360 10. A CHRONOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL CHART OF A BAND OF SIOUX, Reproduced in Fac-simile from the Original Chart, to face p. 403 11. SURROUNDED – DESPERATE CHARGE OF GEN. CROOK’S CAVALRY AT THE BATTLE OF THE ROSEBUD, Artist : James E. Taylor, Engraver : John Karst, to face p. 446 12. HEROISM AND DEATH OF SERGEANT-MAJOR KENNEDY, Artist : James E. Taylor, Engraver : John Karst, to face p. 472 13. WINTER ON THE PLAINS – A TERRIBLE IN EXPERIENCE IN THE TEETH OF A “NORTHER”, Artist : James E. Taylor, Engraver : Charles Speigle, to face p. 504 14. SAM CHERRY’S LAST SHOT, Artist : James E. Taylor, Engraver : Charles Speigle, to face p. 518 15. AT THE MERCY OF SAVAGE CAPTORS – TORTURE BY SLOW FIRES, Artist : James E. Taylor, Engraver : Charles Speigle, to face p. 526 16. A SUDDEN SURPRISE – THE ATTACK ON THE UNITED STATES MAIL COACH, Artist : J. Lange, Engraver : C. Laplante, to face p. 560 17. RESCUING A WOUNDED COMRADE – HEROIC EXPLOIT OF AMOS CHAPMAN, Artist : James E. Taylor, Engraver : Charles Speigle, to face p. 632 AUTHORS’S PREFACE, V GENERAL WILLIAM T. SHERMAN, INTRODUCTION, XXXV CHAPTER I. MY EARLY LIFE – FIRST EXPERIENCES WITH INDIANS – ADVENTURES AMONG THE COMANCHES, p. 29 My Early Home First Sight of Warriors A Thrill of Horror Recalled Sudden Transformation of My Views A Beardless Lieu tenant The Texan Frontier Nights with the Comanches Their Cunning and Treachery The Sleepless Foe A Fatal Stumble On a Cavalry Scout Adventurous Pursuit Surprising an Indian Camp Invited to be the Guest of an Indian Chief Warned of Danger Outbreak of Hostilities Young Warriors with “Bad Hearts” The Bandera Pass An Exciting Adventure Separated from My Command Making the Best of It Ruined Ammunition On the Edge of Peril Reconnoitring the Indian Camp My Flight and Pursuit The Race for Life My Escape Rejoining My Command Thirty Years of Indian Warfare CHAPTER II. BEYOND THE MISSISSIPPI – THE LANGUAGE, NUMBERS, HABITS, ETC., OF THE INDIANS OF THE GREAT WEST, p. 42 Origin of the American Indians The Defect of Writers on the Indians Wonderful Diversity of the Indian Language Curious Facts and Tendencies The Effect of War Stupendous Vanity Invention of Dialects The Passion for War The Crafty and Bloodthirsty Apaches The Cheyennes and Arrapahoes A Marvellous Alliance The Sign Language Estimates of Population Superstitions Dread of being Counted Indian Extermination Nomadic Proclivities The Winter Encampment Home Attachments Love for an Old Encampment Cherished Memories “Home Sickness” Mental Peculiarities Acute Perceptions Ill-Directed Efforts Indian Schools Indian Orators How they Rehearse their Speeches Swaying a Savage Audience CHAPTER III. WILD LIFE ON THE PLAINS – INDIAN CHARACTER, TRAITS, AND PECULIARITIES, p. 52 The Country of the “Plains Indians” The Dream of an Enthusiast The Indian as he is His Conduct in the Presence of Strangers Clothes Only for Show His Conduct in his Own Camp A Rollick ing Miscreant Night Scenes in an Indian Camp The Disgrace of being Surprised A Pair of Climbing Boots The Hero of the Telegraph Pole How a Lady Excited Surprise and Admiration A Comical Incident The Story of a Wooden Leg Carrying a Joke too Far A Summary Ejectment Endurance of Pain Patience, an Indian Virtue Blowing his Own Trumpet Extravagant Self Praise An Indian’s Idea of Modesty Honor among Thieves Kicked Out of Camp Early Lessons in Stealing Apt Pupils A Flagrant Case A Fair Field and No Favor Differences of Opinion CHAPTER IV. INDIAN CHIEFS AND RULERS – TRIBAL GOVERNMENT HOW PLACE AND POWER ARE WON, p. 68 Powers of the Head Chief The Avengers of Blood The Death Penalty Deadly Hostility Sitting Bull’s Indomitable Band Ouray’s Lost Prestige Little Robe and Little Raven Two Tribes that are Firm Friends Disobeying Spotted Tail’s Orders Fate of Deserting Warriors Severe Punishment A Secret Society The “Picked Corps” of Warriors The Chief’s Body Guard Expiating a Sin A Noted Comanche Chief: His Courage and Daring Death from a Broken Heart Red Cloud’s Career War to the Knife A Thrilling Episode Rival Suitors Spotted Tail’s Duel Locked in Death’s Embrace Big Month’s Assassination CHAPTER V. SWINDLING AND ROBBING THE INDIAN S MY OWN OBSERVARTIONS, p. 87 The “Treaty System” Its Absurdity Stipulations that cannot be Kept How Indians are Swindled and Robbed “Wards of the Nation” Modoc Jack General Canby’s Murderers Expiation on the Gallows The “Indian Agent” His Absolute Power How Massacres are Invited Poor old Mr. Meeker Our “Indian Policy” Forcible Contrasts My Own Observations What I Have Seen Unexampled Scoundrelism Stone Calf’s Daughter The Flower of the Wigwam An Ill-fated Journey Concealed in a Thicket Threatened with Instant Death Escape to a Friendly Teepe The Old Chief’s Agony A Heart-broken Warrior My Inability to Help Him Praying for the “White Man’s Road” CHAPTER VI. RELIGION OF THE INDIAN A STRANGE FAITH THE GREAT MYSTERY OF INDIAN “MEDICINE”, p. 96 The Indian Idea of God The Good God The Bad God The Perpetual Struggle between Them “The Happy Hunting Grounds” How the Indian Soul is Excluded from Paradise Horror of Being Scalped Desperate Efforts to Save a Friend’s Soul How the Soul Escapes from the Body The Indian Idea of Hell “Good Medicine” versus “Bad Medicine” Ridiculous Superstition How “Medicine” is Made Its Great Mystery A Sacred Secret Deciding on the Ingredients Appeasing the Wrath of the Bad God Sacred Ponies Driving a Sharp Bargain with the Devil Sticking to the Faith of their Fathers Spotted Tail’s Argument with Captain Randall “Black Beard” My Talk with an Aged Chief Who Made the World? Fetichism Digger Indians CHAPTER VII. THE MEDICINE CHIEF HIS GREAT POWER AND INFLUENCE AN OFFICE WON BY RECKLESS DARING, p. 114 The Medicine Chief His Power and Standing in the Tribe How the Office is Won Proving His Own Medicine A First-Class Aristocrat The Idol of the Squaws An Indian Physician His knowledge of Herbs No Cure no Pay A Pandemonium of Howls Incantations Over the Sick A Remedy Worse than the Disease Heroic Treatment My Reception in an Indian Camp Black, Beady Eyes An Aspirant for Fame Sitting Bull Medicine Arrow A Favorite of Fortune The Most Remarkable Chief of His Time His Famous Arrows Arrows for Ponies and Ponies for Rum End of a Strange Career Splendid Types of Courage The Charge on Forsythe’s Rifle Pits Indian Quacks CHAPTER VIII. SECRET RITES AND RELIGIOUS CEREMONIES – AN INDIAN MYSTERY THE SACRED “SOMETHING.”, p. 124 The Sacred Conclave How One of My Officers Gained Admittance What He Saw There Curious Solemnities Sacred Mysteries The Medicine Pipe How an Indian Smokes a Cigar A Blazing Stub How the Pipe is Used for Casting Lots How the Fatal Signal is Determined Secret Societies, Pass Words, and Grips Medicine Arrow’s Great Influence The Sacred “Something” What is it? An Object of Awe and Veneration Capture of the Sacred Symbol by the Pawnees A Pious Fraud The Utes and the Squat Stone Its Capture by a Hostile Tribe Their Flight with It Consternation at its Loss Wild Pursuit and Vengeance Burial of the Sacred Insignia The Lost Treasure Sitting Bull’s “Medicine” CHAPTER IX. HÔCCH -É -A -YUM – THE GREAT MEDICINE DANCE – SUFFERING AND ENDURANCE OF THE DANCERS, p. 134 The Cotton Wood Lodge The Medicine Dance Preparations for the Ceremony Extent of the Suffering Involved In the Circle The Spectators Selection of Warriors for the Dance Death the Penalty of Failure Stripped for the Struggle Eyes Fixed The Suspended Image Wild Enthusiasm The Dance of Endurance The Weary Round Shouts of Encouragement Wail of the Squaws An Exhausted Dancer Dragged from the Fatal Arena The Victim Death of the Dancer The Furies of Hell Let Loose Fleeing Horn Wrath Rallying the Bands Four Days’ of Suffering Sticking it Out to the Bitter End Recognition and Reward Rushing in at the Eleventh Hour Carrying off the Prize CHAPTER X. INDIAN METHODS OF SELF-TORTURE – ENDURANCE AND DEFIANCE OF PAIN, p. 146 The Warrior’s Ordeal Panting for the Knife How Suffering is Courted Stalwart Endurance of Pain The Greatest of Indian Virtues Remarkable Religious Fervor Indian Pride in Self-Torture Preparations for the Trying Ordeal Fasting, Silence, and Meditation The Candidates Brought before the Medicine Chief Deciding on the Kind and Amount of Torture The Merciless Thrust of the Knife Inserting Horsehair Ropes The Wounded Devotee Muscles Torn from the Breast Incredible Suffering The Victim’s Tragic Efforts to Break Loose Suspended in Mid-air Indescribable Agonies Lips that Never Murmur Dressing the Wounds The Consequences of Flinching under the Knife The “Sun Dance” of the Sioux Expiation of Crime Exasperating Forms of Torture CHAPTER XI. THE INDIAN’S LAST RESTING – PLACE – BURIAL OF THE DEAD, p. 153 The Excitement Caused by a Death in Camp An Indian Cemetery Depositing the Body in a Tree The Burial Case How the Body is Dressed My Horrible Discovery Following the Trail Another Discovery The Dead Body of the Comanche War Chief How He Died Treating His Body with Indignity Comical Epitaph Stealing a Body for Dissection The Body-Snatchers at Work The Midnight Foray Unexpected Arrival of Squaws Consternation of the Thieves Terror and Flight of the Women What I saw in a Deserted Ute Camp Graves Safe from Mortal Eyes Secrets Betrayed by Human Bones Ouray’s Death His Secret Burial Discovery of His Grave CHAPTER XII. MOURNING FOR THE DEAD – HOW INDIANS FEEL AND SHOW THEIR GRIEF, p. 167 In “Sackcloth and Ashes” The Mark of God’s Displeasure Parental Anguish The Death of a Son A Warrior’s Tearless Eyes Real Grief Mourning for a Dead Wife What Happens at the Death of a Chief How the Squaws Mourn A Chorus of Howls from the “Blessed Sex” Self-Mutilation Inflicting Horrible Wounds A “Good Cry” versus a “Good Howl” Inconsolable Widows Midnight Wails Letting off Superfluous Unhappiness Joining in the Howl The “Luxury of Grief” Vigorous Lamentation How an Indian Makes his Will Scene at Ouray’s Death Bed His Will Clamoring for the Destruction of his Property A Narrow Escape The Sacrifice of Seventeen Horses Firing the Pyre CHAPTER XIII. THE FUTURE LIFE THE INDIAN’S IDEA OF HEAVEN – THE HAPPY HUNTING GROUNDS, p. 175 Conceptions of the Hereafter Indian Horror of Being Strangled or Scalped Explained An Eternity of GIeen Fields and Pastures Equipped for the Long Journey Death Overcome Touching Traits of Character Complete Outfit for the Dead The Warrior’s Grave Starvation and Death Preferred to Robbing the Dead How Physical Defects are Carried into the Next World Fate of an Emaciated Form Mutilations of the Body Transfixed with Arrows A Dismal Superstition Why Indians Rarely Make Night Attacks The Effect of Being Killed in the Dark Crawling into Camp Stealth and Cunning Avenging the Slain Incident of the Campaign of 1873 Fate of a Band of Surveyors CHAPTER XIV. CHILDHOOD AND YOUTH – LIFE AND TRAINING OF INDIAN BOYS AND GIRLS, p. 181 The Redskin Baby An Original Outfit Feathers and Fur A Real “Nest of Comfort” Tossed into a Corner “In the Tree Top” Learning to Ride Stopping the Baby’s Cry A Novel Method Rough Schooling Adoption of Captive Children The Comanche Women A Coveted Baby Ready to Swap or Buy An Interesting Experience The Warrior’s Pride A Touching Story Bound to the Stake The Old Chief‘s Sacrifice Childhood Sports Freedom of the Lodge Trained for the Chase Roaming at Large Cold-Blooded Atrocities Daring Attacks In Pursuit of Fame A Momentous Hour What I saw at an Indian Dance Matrimonial Hankerings Married at Sixteen Old Age at Thirty five CHAPTER XV LOVE – MAKING IN AN INDIAN CAMP – COURTSHIP AND MARRIAGE Indian Lovers Suitors for a Maiden’s Hand Going to “See His Girl” At His Inamorata’s Lodge “The Old Folks at Home” Indian Match-Makers The First Real Meeting Picturesque Reluctance and a Pretty Surrender Tête-a-Tête Engaged at Last Appearance of Rivals An Indian Flirt A Dozen Lovers at Her Feet Competition the Life of Trade Plans for the Wedding How Paternal Consent is Obtained Indian Elopements Love Defiant of Locks and Bars Escape from the Lodge Flight and Pursuit Assessing the Damages The Girl’s Market Value A White Admirer’s Perfidy Gushing Frankness An Unfortunate Dilemma “So Glad You Asked Me” A Widow’s Pathetic Appeal CHAPTER XVI. INDIAN WOMEN THEIR VIRTUES AND VICES LIFE IN AN INDIAN LODGE, p. 200 The Life of an Indian Woman Where the Bead and Feather Work Comes From A “Model” Wife A Squaw’s Right Seeking a New Husband How the Custom Originated The Go-Between Secret Conferences Winning the Affections of Another Man’s Wife Scandal in the Camp The Old Warrior’s Darling Flight with a Youthful Admirer The Honey-Moon Housekeeping in a Friendly Teepe A Dark Day A Terrible Punishment Tickling a Girl’s Vanity Liaisons Among the Arrapahoes Curious Safeguards The Story of Powder Face A Notable Couple A Precocious Young Rascal First-Class Sensation Madmen and Idiots A Professional Tramp His Capture by Hostile Sioux CHAPTER XVII. INDIAN NAMES, TITLES, AND EPITHETS – THEIR MEANING AND SIGNIFICANCE – THE TOTEM, p. 216 Indian Idea of their Origin Traditions The Family Coat of Arms The Totem, and What It Is Surnames Pet Names Titles Nicknames Palpable Hits The Original “Punch” Odd Traits and Fancies Indicated by Names Why Indians Name Themselves Curious Titles “White Eagle” “Lone Wolf” “Yellow Bear” “Powder Face” “Man-Afraid-Of His-Horses” Loafing “Jims”and Indolent “Tonys” Unblushing Beggary Effect of Incident and Adventure An Ill-Fated Expedition Ah Unsolved Mystery The Place of Lost Souls The “Great American Bull Whacker” The “Picketwire” Indian Nicknames of Army Ofiicers Ridiculous Appellations Gray Beard General Crook’s Indian Name Why they Call Him “The Gray Fox” CHAPTER XVIII. EVERYDAY INDIAN LIFE – SIGHTS AND SCENES IN INDIAN 0 HOMES, TEEPES, AND WINTER CAMPS, p. 224 An Indian Teepe How it is Made The “Wicky-Up” Its Construction Teepe Furnishings Beds that are Never “Made Up” Meal Hours The Luxury of Baker’s Bread Indian Hospitality The First Chance at the Pot Scenting a Dinner from Afar Entertaining You To-day and Taking Your Scalp To-morrow How Indians Select a Camping-Place Looking Out for Danger The “Public Square” and Crier Selecting a Site for the Winter Camp An Indian Village General Custer’s Exploit His Fortunate Escape A Cold-Blooded Ruffian Paid “by the Scalp” Two Hundred and Fifty Scalps at One Fight Days and Nights of Feasting and Revelry “Love Rules” the Camp Sketches from Life CHAPTER XIX. INDIAN SKILL AND HANDIWORK – OCCUPATIONS OF CAMP AND LODGE, p. 250 In Winter Quarters Preparations for War and the Chase How Indian Saddles and Bridles are made The Mexican Device Fancy Reins The Art of Plaiting Horsehair The Lariat and the Lasso How They are Made A Winter’s Task The Great Fall Hunt Scenes of Joy and Excitement Preserved Buffalo Real Indian Bread Skill in Dressing Skins Family Heirlooms The Elkhorn Handle A Priceless Treasure A Suit of Deer-skin Original Needlework Spending a Year on a Single Garment Bead Work Beautiful Ornamentation Behind the Plough The Indian Maiden of Fiction Wrestling with the Sportive Hoe A Square Day’s Work The Chopping Match Startling Facts CHAPTER XX. TRADE AND BARTER – THE VICTIMS AND PREY OF INDIAN “TRADERS, p. 261 ” Systems of Barter “Sold Out” Fleeced and Victimized by the “Trader” Indian Wants and Necessities The Charm of Novelty An Incident at Fort Sedgwick The Ornamented Buffalo Robe A Warrior with a Sweet Tooth The First Lot of Matches An Astonished Indian Curiosity Aroused A Wonderful Box Testing the Matches One by One Scorched Fingers My Treasures from the Ute Campaign Blanket of Rare Beauty and Design A Dishonored Statute The Trapper Thirty Years Ago Domiciled with Savages A Wild Free Life Admitted to the Indian Brother hood Sharing Hairbreadth Escapes The Gaming Table The Trader’s Grip on the Red Man’s Throat Barefaced Swindling An Open and Shut Game Hobson’s Choice The Traders’ Prey CHAPTER XXI. INDIAN COOKS AND COOKING – FAVORITE FOOD AND ODD DISHES AMUSING EXPERIENCES, p. 271 Indian Cooks Teepe Manners “Fingers before Forks” The “Tonish” Thing in Serving How Indians Cook for Themselves An Off-Hand Roast The Marrow-Bones The Choicest Bonne Bouche Enormous Feeders Eating Twenty Pounds at One Meal Gluttony of the Red Skins The Call for More Cunning and Strategy Accumulated Breakfasts An Astonishing Appetite Job’s Turkey A Tough One An Abandoned Fowl An Odd Superstition Unblushing Cheek Eating Ten Feet of Marrow Guts The Use of Salt Red Pepper and Black Selection of the Entrails The Indian’s Most Delicious Morsel My Invitation to Dine with the Pawnee Chief A Disgusting Repast Dog Flesh Fat Puppy Skunk My Interview with Stone Calf CHAPTER XXII. THE BUFFALO AND ITS DESTRUCTION – THE INDIAN’S GREAT FALL HUNT EXCITING ADVENTURES, p. 282 The Indian and the Buffalo The Old Days of Plenty Habits and Instincts Immense Herds A Column Fifty Miles Wide, and of Unknown Depth A Thrilling Adventure at Pawnee Rock Danger from a Stampeded Herd “Splitting” the Column Safe at Last Scenes of Wild Animation Mistaken Ideas of Old Plainsmen How the Indians Hunt Buffalo The “Surround” Closing In for the Attack The Signal Wild Onset of Warriors Desperate Resistance The Slaughter The Sioux Plan My Camp on Big Coon Creek My Adventure with a Panic-stricken Herd A Camp Aroused at Midnight Hairbreadth Escape The Extinction of the Buffalo Wanton Slaughter Barbarous Practices CHAPTER XXIII. CLOTHING, FINERY, AND PERSONAL ADORNMENT OF INDIANS, p. 297 The Breech-coth Donning a “Biled” Shirt How Little Raven “Received” “Fixed up” for White Company Ludicrous Combinations Remarkable Appearance of Turkey Leg in Council The Green Veil and Stove-Pipe Hat Bugbears of Indian Life A Disgusted Warrior Ceremonial Costumes Fringe Made of Scalp Locks Dressing the Hair The “Pig-tail” Style The Receptacle for Odds and Ends Female Attire The Buckskin Skirt and Jacket The Kirtle of Fringe How Indians Paint their Bodies Bracelets and Beadwork A Good Story The Captain’s False Teeth A Cheyenne Chief’s Glass Eye Terror Caused by its Removal Kicked out of Camp as Doubtful “Medicine” CHAPTER XXIV. DISEASE AND DEATH – THE STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE, p. 311 Homesickness Driven from Pillar to Post Fate of the Pawnees Frightful Mortality The “Policy” that Drives Indians to Desperation The Only Misfortune Over which an Indian Broods Rude Remedies The Sweat House A Cold Plunge Disease among Indian Children A Shocking Suspicion Wild Flight Superstitious Terror Abject Prostration and Alarm The Wail of Despair Dead and Dying Left by the Wayside Scenes of Indescribable Horror Hydrophobia Curious Facts Concerning the Bite of a Skunk Awaiting the Worst of Fates Suicide Defiance of Torture Preparing for a Desperate Raid Shot Dead in his Saddle Deathbed Scenes Chanting the Death Song The Final Fare well CHAPTER XXV. INDIAN GAMBLERS – THEIR GAMES OF SKILL AND CHANCE DRUNKENNESS – SCENES FROM LIFE, p. 325 Indian Gamblers A Favorite Pastime Preparations for the Game The Stakes The Whirlpool of Fortune An Exciting Contest Dexterous Manipulation Counting the Points Sweeping the Stakes Experts with Cards The Mysteries of “Monte” “Ways that are Dark” Cheating a Fine Art The Loaded Hand Heavy Stakes Bad Luck Wives and Children Lost The Comanche Gambler The Fatal Throw Gambling Customs “Passing the Bone” In a Whirl of Excitement Aboriginal Dice Lucky Numbers Favorite Game with the Cheyenne Women Born and Bred Swindlers Anything for Whiskey Enjoying his Whiskey Alone Sneaking off for a Debauch A Sound Thrashing A Blubbering Warrior CHAPTER XXVI. INDIAN AMUSEMENTS AND SPORTS WONDERFUL FEATS AND MARVELLOUS EXPLOITS, p. 336 An Indian Story Teller The Favorite of the Women The Sign Language Outdoor Sports Life in the Saddle Wonderful Feats of Horsemanship Marvellous Exploits at Full Gallop Novel Races An Arrant Jockey Tricks of the Trade An Adroit Comanche Mu-La-Que-Top’s Scheme Sharp Practice A Sheep of a Pony against a Kentucky Mare Fastest Race on Record A Put-up Job Disgusted Army Officers Bow and Arrow Games Scandal Mongers Indian Rumors The Outbreak at Fort Reno Beating the Telegraph Incredible Despatch Scouts and Runners Something New about Wives Squaw Fights Off with the Wrong Man Facing the Consequences An Unequal Contest CHAPTER XXVII. INDIAN MUSIC AND MUSICIANS CURIOUS MUSICAL INSTRUMENTSPOETRY AND SONGS, p. 348 Indian Musical Instruments The Cheyenne Tom-tom A Curious Work Constructive Skill My Wonderful Present The Sioux Rattle “Flutes and Soft Recorders” Weird but Winsome Notes An Indian Serenade The War Song The Indian “German” Thrilled with Military Frenzy Transported with Adoration “Songs Without Words” Permanence of Indian Music The Celebration of Valor Selection of the Tune Fitting the Words Practising in Chorus Night After Night at Work The Song Completed Odd Indian Melodies Every One His Own Poet The Cheyenne Courting Song Winning a Married Woman’s Love The Conditional Elopement The Round Dance Music of the Kiss Dance Wild Notes Recovered An Interesting Result CHAPTER XXVIII. INDIAN DANCES – SCENES OF WILD EXCITEMENT AND FRENZY LUDICROUS EXPERIENCES, p. 356 Indian Dancing Customs Preparations for the Scalp Dance A Hideous Picture The Circle of Wands On the Border of Frenzy Bringing Out Old Scalps Enlisting for the War “Striking the Post” My First Sight of a Scalp Dance Prisoners Gracing the Ceremony A Boy’s Pluck Exasperated by Ridicule Begging Dance Reconciling Old Foes Interesting Incident of Crook’s Campaign Indian Diplomacy Disastrous Blow to New-made Friends Impoverished by Hugs The Lost Chance An Every-day Scene Virtue and Vice Side by Side Stolen Bodily from the Indians The Sign Dance The “Kissing Dance” Mischievous Couples Practical Jokes The Indian Love of Humor Ludicrous Experiences A Delicious Bit of Masquerading CHAPTER XXIX. THE SIGN LANGUAGE – WONDERFUL EXPERTNESS OF INDIAN SIGN – TALKERS, p. 379 The Need of a Common Language The Great Battle Ground of the Plains The Struggle for Existence Imperilled Interests A Question of Fate Desperate Encounters Common Methods of Communication Signs and Gestures Origin and Extent of the System The Cheyennes and Arrapahoes Enforced Companionship Fighting, Racing and Gambling Together Ignorance of Signs Among the Utes Ouray’s Explanation Sign Pictures Rank of the Kiowas as Founders of the System Oral Language Skeleton Forms of Speech Individual Styles First Lessons in Signs Curious and Interesting Illustrations A Powerful System Its Effect upon Indian Life The Expert Sign-talker Conversation under Difficulties Talking under a Blanket CHAPTER XXX. INDIAN CHRONOLOGY – DEVICES FOR RECKONING TILE – KEEPING TRACK OF THE YEARS, p. 395 Keeping Track of the Years Counting by “Days”, “Sleeps, “Moons,” and “Winters,” My Personal Observations The Fruits of Research The Moon when Corn is Planted New Year’s day The First Snow-fall A Puzzling Interview An Old Cheyenne’s Opinion “Some Years Have More Moons than Others” The Sioux Calendar A Wonderful Chronological Chart In the Hands of Curiosity-hunters Excited Hopes Provoking Revelations Fac Simile of the Calendar Seventy Years in a Nutshell Tell-tale Hieroglyphics Solution of the Mystery Applying the Key Finding an Old Woman in a Buffalo Old Folk Lore A Legend of the Pacific Coast A “Boston Man” CHAPTER XXXI. INDIAN ART AND ARTISTS – SIGNIFICATION OF THEIR PICTURES AND INSCRIPTIONS, p. 406 Progress in the Arts Semi-Civilized Indians Obtaining an Education Their Knowledge of the Industrial and Mechanic Arts The Pueblos Spinning, Weaving and Tailoring The Navahoes How their Dwellings are Constructed Beauty and Excellence of their Blankets The Apaches Canoes of Bark Adepts at Carving The Making and Ornamentation of Pipes Bead-work, Paint, Feathers, and Fringes Indian Artists Their Delight at Pictures Portraying their Remarkable Exploits My Exploring Expedition to the Black Hills What I Found under a Cairn of Stones Indian Hieroglyphics Inscriptions on Rocks and Trees Indian Signatures How Warriors Keep a Record of their Lives Indian Pictures CHAPTER XXXII. INDIAN WEAPONS HOW THEY ARE MADE – SKILL AND EXPERT NESS IN THEIR USE, p. 415 Bows and Arrows How Indian Boys Learn to Use them Forays for Scalps and Plunder The First Gun An Incident of My first Fight with Indians Why They Still Cling to the Bow How the Bow is Made Its Strength and Elasticity Arrows and How they are Made Their Penetrating Power War Arrows Indian Marksman Beaten by a White Man The War Club The Tomahawk The Scalping Knife “Keen as a Razor” The Lance A Formidable Weapon The Shield Patience, Care, and Thought Bestowed upon its Manufacture How the Indians Obtain their Firearms A Party of Sioux Visit my Camp A Well-Armed Warrior Fate of a Wealthy Sportsman CHAPTER XXXIII. INDIAN DRILL SIGNAL FIRES AND SMOKES – WONDERFUL METHODS OF COMMUNICATION, p. 425 How Indian Boys Learn to Ride Testing the Speed of Every Horse The Most Skilful Riders in the World Indian Boys’ Fun In for a Good Time Making Bets In Search of Adventure How Indians Drill Show Drills Secret Signals Sacredness of an Indian Oath “I have Sworn” A Well-guarded Mystery How Warriors are Drilled with a Piece of Looking-glass The Best Cavalry in the World Indian Methods of Communication at Long Distances How it is Done Signal Smokes Their Variety and What they Mean Night Signals Signal Fires Indian Scouts Wonderful System of Telegraphing Marvellous Feats of Horsemanship Practising at Carrying off the Dead and Wounded CHAPTER XXXIV. INDIAN FIGHTING – THEIR MODE OF WARFARE – THRILLING AD VENTURES AND EXPERIENCES, p. 435 Indian Courage, Craft, Patience and Cunning The Effect of Surprise Their Fights with Each Other Danger from a Wounded Indian Tenacity of Life My Command Ordered to Protect a Railroad The “Talking Wire” Discovering the Position of the Enemy Indian Strategy The Battle of the Rosebud under General Crook A Terrible Conflict The “Valley of the Shadow of Death” Personal Experiences “Jumped” by Indians A ThIilling Adventure Surrounded by Sixty Hostile Sioux An Exciting Experience Charge of the Yelling Savages We are Again Surrounded A Narrow Escape My Adventure near Fort Dodge Preparations for the Fight Stowing away “Julia” A Ludicrous Experience Diplomacy Saves our Lives A Disgusted Indian CHAPTER XXXV. ARMY LIFE ON THE PLAINS – THRILLING ADVENTURES AMONG THE INDIANS, p. 468 The Real Pioneer General Custer’s Attack on Black Kettle A Desperate Conflict Undaunted Savages The Story of the Massacre of Major Elliott and His Nineteen Men Three Thousand Warriors Rush to the Assistance of Black Kettle Wild Alarm The Indians surround Major Elliott’s Command Hasty Preparations for the Worst Attacked on all Sides The Fight for Life The Death of Twenty Brave Men The Last One to Die Courage and Heroism of Sergeant-Major Kennedy Alone, Sabre in Hand Exulting Savages Inviting Instant Death Kennedy Suddenly Kills a Chief An Instant of Terrified Surprise Death of Kennedy, Pierced by Twenty Bullets The Battle of White Stone Hill Every Man for Himself CHAPTER XXXVI. ARMY EXPERIENCES ON THE FRONTIER – POWELL’S FIGHT – THE HEROISM OF THIRTY-TWO MEN, p. 478 The Phil Kearney Massacre Annihilation of the Whites Preparations to Strike Back Red Cloud’s Resentment War to the Knife The Situation at Fort Phil Kearney Major Powell Ordered to Piney Island Surrounded by Indians Improvised Defences Iron Walls and Breech-loaders The Heroism of Thirty-two Men Cool Heads, Brave Hearts, and Steady Nerves The Carnival of Death Repulse with Desperate Loss Red Cloud’s Consternation The Bloodthirsty Advance Awaiting the Deadly Onset Heroic Defence of the Corral Routed and Driven Back Recovering the Wounded Dragging off the Dead The Gallant Band Relieved An Old Trapper’s Story of the Fight CHAPTER XXXVII. GENERAL MACKENZIE’S FIGHT WITH THE CHEYENNES A DES PERATE HAND TO HAND COMBAT, p. 490 Indian Tactics Surprises and Ambuscades Attacking Detachments in Detail Appalling Massacres Courage and Craft The Night March General Crook’s Indian Allies Pursuit of Crazy Horse His Escape Discovery of the Cheyenne Encampment A Night of Horror The Surprise at Daybreak Desperate Attack and Resistance Hand to Hand Combat Death of Dull Knife’s Favorite Son Holding the Victors at Bay Lieutenant McKinney’s Splendid Dash The Dead Hero Reinforcements Summoned My Command Ordered Forward Our Forced March in the Dead of Winter We Lose the Trail Sleeping on the Snow Flight of the Indians Untold Hardships Endured The Fatal Route CHAPTER XXXV III. WINTER ON THE PLAINS – ITS DANGERS AND HARDSHIPS – INCIDENTS AND PERSONAL EXPERIENCES, p. 501 Difficulty of Surprising Indians Starvation and Cold their Worst Enemies The Remarkable Winters of the Plains Piercing Winds Excessive Cold Certain Death to Every Exposed Living Thing Flying to Shelter A “Norther” Terrible Hardships and Sufferings of Fifteen Men Braving the Dangers of the Elements The Pluck of Captain Mix Threats of Instant Death An Incident in My Own Experience Horses Frozen to Death A Stirring Incident Captain Henry’s Experience In the Teeth of a Furious “Norther” Wandering Blindly through the Snow Horses Frantic with Cold Hands and Faces Frozen Utter Helplessness of the Party Looking Death in the Face The Race for Life CHAPTER XXXIX. TAKING THE SCALP – HOW AND WHY IT IS DONE – THRILLING INCIDENTS, p. 512 The Indian Custom of Taking the Scalp Origin of the Practice What Becomes of the Scalps Strange Superstition attached to them The Head Chief of the Pawnees Pays me a Visit He Discloses a Freshly Taken Scalp A strange Performance How the Pawnees Wear their Hair Custom of the Cheyennes, Arrapahoes, Kiowas and Comanches How the Scalp is Taken Different ways of Doing it Taking the Ears with it What I saw in an Indian Camp Why Colored Soldiers are never Scalped Mutilation of the Body Why General Custer’s Body was not Scalped Sam Cherry the Guide A Thrilling Incident Fears for his Safety Working Out the Story of the Tragedy His Last Shot CHAPTER XL. PRISONERS AMONG INDIANS VICTIMS FOR THE TORTURE CAPTIVE WOMEN AND CHILDREN, p. 523 Certain Fate of Captives Held only for Torture Savage Instincts Delight in the Agonies of his Enemy Torture by Fire Terrible Fate of a Little Drummer Boy Human Fiends Tied to a Tree Setting Fire to Pine Knots Stuck in His Body Sufferings of the Poor Boy Death’s Relief “Staked Out” Devilish Ingenuity Horrible Brutality Building a Fire on the Breast of Living Victims Female Captives A Fate worse than Death Unhappy Slaves A Favorite Stake at the Gambling-Board Passing from Hand to Hand A dozen Owners in a Single Day A Terrible Situation Giving up Prisoners Experiences of Three White Women Captives A Story of Horrors Captive Children Their Fate CHAPTER XLI. THE CAPTIVE’S FATE – INDIAN CRUELTY AND HORRIBLE DE VICES OF TORTURE – TRAGEDIES, p. 533 The Indian’s Chief Pleasure in Life Relishing the Agony of a Victim Cruelty to Animals Indian Women in the Rôle of Torturers Hellish Ingenuity Exultation over a Captive Cruelty of the Apaches The Fate of Chihuahua A Band of Fiends Bound Naked to the Cactus Left to Die The Fate of Captive Women Bondage Worse than Death An Exciting Scene Horrible Cruelties New Devices of Torture Experimenting with Prisoners Dissecting Living Human Beings Torture of a Mexican Captive Digging His Own Grave Buried Alive with the Head Out of Ground Partial Flaying Dislocations Scalped and Abandoned A Ghastly Tragedy The Story of an Apache Girl Yellow Legs CHAPTER XLII. A RACE OF THIEVES AND PLUNDERERS – THEIR DARING AND SKILL ADVENTURES, p. 542 The Successful Thief His Standing in the Tribe The Gravest of Crimes Horse Stealing Doom of the Captured Thief Reckless Warriors Disguised as Whites The False Trail Accomplished Sneak-Thieves Comanche Experts Crawling into a Bivouac Indian Wiles Old Texans Caught Napping My Night Adventure at Fort Lincoln The Blacksmith’s Death Shot Dead in his Tracks The Prince of Trailers A Thrilling Incident My Experience with a Comanche The Fiend’s Bravado A Wild Leap A Race of Thieves A Wagon Train Stampeded The Night Attack The Old Rifle Regiment A Remarkable Ruse Horses Frantic with Fear Unearthly Yells The Mystery Explained CHAPTER XLIII. HOW INDIANS TRAVEL – THEIR MARVELLOUS JOURNEYS AND EXPLOITS PLAIN SCRAFT, p. 550 Unerring Instinct Straight as a Bee Line Over Trackless Wastes Without Star or Compass The Only Instance of an Indian being “Lost” Memory of Landmarks Acute Observers Born Explorers Penetrating Unknown Lands The Old Guide Espinosa’s Story A Batch of Young Raiders The Solitary Wanderer Exemption from Danger On the Alert for Enemies The Love of Adventure Meandering Delawares A Notable Tribe An Indian Explorer A Wonderful Story-Teller A Strange Ambition Gratified Across the Rocky Mountains Life in Mexico Black Beaver’s Career General Marcy’s Guide Female Instinct In the Thicket Breaking Camp The Advance Guard The Mound’ Builders CHAPTER XLIVIX TRAILING – INDIAN EXPERTNESS IN READING SIGN – THE WONDERFUL CAREER OF PEDRO ESPINOSA, p. 559 A Savage Art Expert Trailers Frontiersmen and Indians An Inimitable Faculty Mexican Competitors The Best Trailer I ever Saw Pedro Espinosa A Wonderful Career Captured in Childhood Made a Warrior at Thirteen Suspected by his Captors Leading a Savage Life Nineteen Years of Captivity A Fortunate Bear Hunt The Midnight Flight Entrusted with Union Despatches Arrested and Shot by the Enemy Thrilling Reminiscences Pursuit of Comanches Six Days on the Trail An Exciting Manoeuvre Indian Tactics Cunning and Skill The Wrong Scent Scouting for Apaches The Fresh Track A Successful Ruse Every Man for Himself An Extraordinary Feat Cheyennes at Bay Major Munck’s Victory The Pawnee Guide CHAPTER XLV. INDIAN HUNTERS – ADVENTURES ON THE PLAINS – EXCITING SCENES – THE HAUNTS OF GAME, p. 574 The Best Hunters in the World Their Stealth, Cunning, and Endurance Getting Position “Many a Slip” The Lost Chance An Astonished Indian My Successful Shot The Indian’s Disgut The “Pot-Shot” Exciting Scenes The Buffalo Surround The Square Chase Hunting the Elk Cutting the Hamstring Butchered at Leisure The “Good Old Times” Terrified Animals Fun in Mid-Winter Traps and Snares Luckless Anglers Abhorrence of Fish The Staked Plains Origin of the Buffalo A Curious Superstition Stone Calf and the Legend Lieutenant Ogle and the Sioux Preparing for the Surround The Onslaught Discovery of a Fresh Herd The Indians Dissatisfied Threatened Attack CHAPTER XLVI. DOMESTIC ANIMALS SPEED AND ENDURANCE OF INDIAN PONIES ANECDOTES AND INCIDENTS, p. 584 Indian Stockbreeders Chief Ouray’s Ambition “Animal-Stealing” Tribes The Cherokee Ponies An Inseparable Companion Ponies a Necessity, Wives a Luxury Where “Blood” Doesn’t Count The Express Rider and his Wonderful Pony The Daring Mail Carrier Riding by Night and Hiding by Day A Marvellous Roadster The Indian’s Treatment of his Horse An Animated Skeleton Browzing on Cottonwood The Diet of Bark Thrilling chapter in Indian History Escape from the Agency Marching like Victors Encounters with Troops An Ambuscade Turning the Tables on the Redmen Colonel Lewis Shot Flight of the Indians Horrors of the Kansas Raid Munck’s Cavalry Pursuit Speed and Endurance Race and Trick Animals The War Pony CHAPTER XLVII. ON THE FRONTIER TRAPPERS AND SQUAW MEN TRADING POSTS AND INDIAN AGENTS, p. 596 On the Frontier The Border Line The Early Trappers Playing the Wild Rover Romantic Adventures Adoption by the Tribe The Old Trading Posts A Winter’s Work for Whiskey The Indian Trader Perambulating Groggeries Indian Wives and Half-breed Children Growing Rich Influence with Washington Magnates The Squaw Men Adventurers and Outcasts The Asylum of Thieves and Murderers Pliant Tools of Corrupt Agents Treachery and Debauchery Leading a Band of Sioux Horse-thieves Inciting the Indians to Deeds of Atrocity A Thousand of such “Missionaries” Indian Marriages Social Degradation The Black Hills War A Costly Sacrifice Dishonest Interpreters How the Indians are Misled Escape from a Disastrous Contest CHAPTER XLVIII. FRONTIERSMEN TEXAS COW-BOYS AND BORDER DESPERADOES – A STRANGE AND THRILLING STORY, p. 607 Frontiersmen Who They Are The Miners and Gold Hunters Unsavory Buffalo Hunters Texas Cow-Boys A Life of Privation, Hardship and Danger A Plains “Norther“ The Most Reckless of all Desperadoes Utter Disregard of Life Spoiling for a Fight The Terror of the Frontier Cattle Thieves A Strange and Thrilling Story History of a Bloodthirsty Combat A Remarkable Incident of Border Life A Noted Desperado His Gorgeous Appearance Stealing a Herd of Cattle Tracking the Thieves Their Discovery Watching for a Favorable Opportunity Killing his Victims One by One A Merciless Foe Death of the Sixth Ruffian He Proves to be the Leader of the Band A Question of Time CHAPTER XLIX. BORDER RUFFIANS – A LIFE OF PRIVATION AND DANGER THRILLING PERSONAL EXPERIENCES, p. 619 Fugitives from Justice Escaped Criminals Beyond the Settlements Commencing Life Anew An Exploring Expedition in Northern Texas Thrilling Incident in My Early Military Life My Camp near the Squatter’s Cabin Alone with a Frontier Ruffian A Dangerous Companion He Threatens my Life Strange Hospitality A Reckless Frontiersman The Monomania of Assassination A Wonderful Two-handed Shot Desperate Combat of Two Border Ruffians Dying Happy Slade, the Notorious Desperado An Arrant Coward The Influence of Drink Strange Freak of a Man of Wealth A Tender Heart Beneath a Rough Exterior Burying Himself in the Wilderness A Lawless Life CHAPTER L. FRONTIER SCOUTS AND GUIDES – HEROIC ACHIEVEMENT OF AMOS CHAPMAN – FACING DEATH, p. 624 Plainscraft Importance of Guides The Old Trappers Lessons from the Indians How an Experienced Guide was Lost Old Bridger Kit Carson The Requisites of a Good Scout Boots Hill California Joe Wild Bill Buffalo Bill Amos Chapman His Wonderful Achievement What General Miles Said of Him Heroic Conduct of Chapman Surrounded by Indians A Thrilling Deed “Amos! Amos! We have got you now” Remarkable Pluck Facing Death to Rescue a Wounded Comrade Major Forsyth’s Fight The Alarm, “Indians!” Gallant Defence The Charge of Roman Nose and His Band Terrific Volley from the Whites Secret Departure of the Scouts for Help Threatend Starvation Living on Decaying Mule Flesh Succor at Last CHAPTER LI. THE PRESENT AND FUTURE OF THE INDIANS – ’MY IDEA OF WHAT SHOULD BE DONE, p. 639 “Wards of the Nation” Charity Begins at Home Official Tyranny Hidden Crimes Against the Indians Their Need of Help and Sympathy Their Future Contrasts Between Their Condition a Few Years Ago and Now On the Verge of Starvation Why They Do Not Progress The Indian Ring A Powerful Organization How the Indian is Robbed, Swindled and Imposed Upon The Source of all Indian Ills Neglect by the Government Criminal Responsibility My Idea of What Should Be Done The Tide of Immigration Only a Question of Time